| Disease | Pathogen | Incubation Period/Mean | Duration of Illness | Symptoms | Foods Implicated | Type of Illness | Reservoir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonellosis | Salmonella (facultative) BACTERIA | 8-72 Hours 18-36 Hours | 2-3 Days | Abdominal pain, headache, fever, nausea, diarrhea, chills, cramps | Poultry, eggs, meat, meat products, milk, smoked fish, protein foods, juice | Infection | Domestic and wild animals, humans |
| Shigellosis | Shigella (facultative) BACTERIA | 1-7 Days 1-3 Days | Indefinite | Diarrhea, fever, chills, cramps, lassitude, nausea, dehydration | Moist, mixed foods, milk, potato, tuna, bean, and macaroni salads, apple cider | Infection | Human feces, flies |
| Listeriosis | Listeria monocytogenes BACTERIA | 2 Days - 3 Weeks 4-21 Days | Indefinite; high fatality in the immunocompromised | Nausea, vomiting, chills, headache, fever, backache, meningitis | Unpasteurized dairy foods, vegetables, meat, poultry, seafood, raw and smoked fish, ready-to-eat foods | Infection | Domestic and wild animals, humans, soil |
| Staphylococcus | Staphylococcus aureus BACTERIA | 1-6 Hours 2-4 Hours | 1-2 Days | Nausea, cramps, vomiting, dehydration | Reheated foods, ham, poultry, dairy foods, custards, potato salad, cream-filled foods | Intoxication | Humans (skin, throat, nose), animals |
| Clostridium perfringens | Clostridium perfringens BACTERIA | 8-22 Hours 10 Hours | 24 Hours | Abdominal pain, diarrhea, gas | Meat, meat products, gravy, thick foods that are held at a low temp or cooled slowly | Infection/Intoxication | Human intestinal tract, animals, soils |
| Bacillus cereus | Bacillus cereus BACTERIA | .5-5 Hours; 8-16 Hours .5-5 Hours; 12 Hours | 6-24 Hours; 12 Hours | Nausea and vomiting; Diarrhea, abdominal cramps | Rice, custards, seasonings, dry food mixes, spices, salads, casseroles, milk, sauces, meats | Intoxication | Soil, Dust |
| Campylobacter | Campylobacter jejuni BACTERIA | 2-5 Days | 5-7 Days 3-5 Days | Diarrhea which may be watery or bloody, fever, nausea, headache | Chicken, unpasteurized milk, water | Infection | Domestic and wild animals (intestinal tract) |
| E. coli 0157:H7 | Escherichia coli BACTERIA | 2-5 Days | 5-10 Days 2-5 Days | Diarrhea (may be bloody), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, HUS | Undercooked ground beef, imported cheeses, unpasteurized milk or juice, cider, alfalfa sprouts | Infection/Intoxication | Human intestinal tract, animals (especially cattle) |
| Botulism | Clostridium botulinum BACTERIA | 12-36 Hours; 72 or more hours | Several days - year 18-36 Hours | Vertigo, inability to swallow, respiratory paralysis, visual disturbances | Improperly processed low-acid canned goods, garlic in oil, grilled onions, meat, stew, baked potatoes | Intoxication | Soil, water |
| Viral Gastroenteritis | Norwalk, Snow Mountain, calicivirus VIRUS | 24-48 Hours | 24-60 Hours 36 Hours | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache | Water, ready-to-eat foods (salad, sandwiches, bread) shellfish | N/A | Human intestinal tract |
| Hepatitis A | Hepatitis A VIRUS | 7-50 Days | Several Weeks to Months 25-30 Days | Fever, fatigue, stomach pain, nausea, dark urine, jaundice | Ready-to-eat foods, fruit and juice, milk products, shellfish, salads, vegetables, sandwiches, water |