Haemaphysalis longicornis

Asian longhorned ticks (ALHTs) are not native to the United States but have been present as an invasive species since at least 2017. The first detection of ALHTs in Indiana occurred in April 2023. Indiana is the 19th state to have detected ALHTs.

Visit the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Asian longhorned tick page for the most current map.

Current distribution in Indiana

Medical entomologists at the Indiana Department of Health conduct active surveillance for Asian longhorned ticks and other ticks that are important to human and animal health. The following table shows the number of Asian longhorned ticks collected in Indiana by county and life stage as of May 1, 2023.

County	Classification	First detection	Total larvae	Total nymphs	Total adults
Dubois	Established	May 2023	30	1	0
Switzerland	Reported	April 2023	0	2	0
Ohio	Reported	July 2023	0	1	0

Established- 6 or more H. longicornis of a single life stage or more than one life stage collected per county within a 12-month period.

Reported- Less than 6 H. longicornis of a single life stage collected per county within a 12-month period.

The Asian longhorned tick life cycle consists of four stages (egg, larva, nymph and adult) and can be completed in as little as six months. These ticks attach to and feed on three different animal or human hosts during their lifetimes (once as larvae, once as nymphs, and once as adults). They are aggressive feeders and feed on a variety of host species, including pets, livestock, wildlife, and people; however, they appear to be less attracted to humans when compared with native ticks such as American dog ticks and Lone Star ticks.

ALHT females can reproduce without needing to mate (parthenogenesis) and can lay up to 2,000 eggs at a time. Male ALHTs are uncommon in invasive populations. The short life cycle, lack of dependence on male ticks for reproduction, and high egg counts enable this tick species to spread rapidly and reach high numbers quickly in new areas.

Graphic: Asian Longhorned Tick Life Cycle. North Central IPM Center.

While laboratory studies have shown that ALHTs are capable of carrying certain pathogens that cause disease in people, such as the ones that cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Heartland virus, and Powassan virus , we don’t have evidence that they have transmitted these pathogens to people in the US.

ALHTs are mainly considered pests of livestock animals. Severe ALHT infestation of individual livestock animals can cause stress, decrease growth and meat or milk production, and can even cause death due to blood loss.

ALHTs can also carry one of the parasites that causes theileriosis (Theileria orientalis) and transmit it to cattle. Clinical signs of this economically important disease in cattle can include fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, anemia, jaundice, diarrhea, swollen lymph nodes, late-term pregnancy loss, and death.

While there is no evidence that ALHTs are causing human disease in the United States, the Indiana Department of Health recommends that all Hoosiers take precautions to avoid tick bites. Please see our tick prevention page for more information.

Livestock producers can take the following precautions to protect their animals against tick bites:

• Treat your livestock for ticks. Regular tick treatments can be effective against ALHT. Consult your veterinarian about which products to use.
• Practice tick prevention on feedlots and pastures, such as keeping grass and weeds trimmed and clearing away brush.
• Check your livestock for ticks regularly.
• If you have found a tick on a pet, horse, or livestock animal that you suspect is an Asian longhorned tick (ALHT), please save the tick in a plastic baggie and call your veterinarian to request a consultation.
• You may also call the Indiana State Board of Animal Health (BOAH) at 317-544-2400 to report any unusual looking ticks or large infestations.

Please visit the U.S. Department of Agriculture webpage for more information about Asian longhorned ticks.