NOTICE: IC § 6-8.1-3-3.5 and IC § 4-22-7-7 require the publication of this document in the Indiana Register. This document provides the general public with information about the Department's official position concerning a specific set of facts and issues. This document is effective on its date of publication and remains in effect until the date it is superseded or deleted by the publication of another document in the Indiana Register. The "Holding" section of this document is provided for the convenience of the reader and is not part of the analysis contained in this Letter of Findings.

Individual was not responsible for Indiana individual income tax because he demonstrated that he did not have taxable distributions from his Individual Retirement Account ("IRA") for 2011 and that he was not an Indiana resident and did not have Indiana source income for 2011.

I. Indiana Individual Income Tax - Additional Income -Taxable Distributions.

Authority: I.R.C. § 61; I.R.C. § 408; IC § 6-3-1-3.5; IC § 6-8.1-5-1; Lafayette Square Amoco, Inc. v. Indiana Dep't of State Revenue, 867 N.E.2d 289 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2007); Indiana Dep't of State Revenue v. Rent-A-Center East, Inc., 963 N.E.2d 463 (Ind. 2012); Scopelite v. Indiana Dep't of Local Gov't Fin., 939 N.E.2d 1138 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2010); Wendt LLP v. Indiana Dep't of State Revenue, 977 N.E.2d 480 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2012); 45 IAC 3.1-1-1.

Taxpayer asserts that he did not have taxable distributions from his Individual Retirement Account ("IRA") and thus had no additional adjusted gross income for the 2011 tax year.

II. Indiana Individual Income Tax - Residency.

Authority: IC § 6-3-1-3.5; IC § 6-3-1-12; IC § 6-3-1-13; IC § 6-3-2-1; IC § 6-3-2-2; IC § 6-8.1-5-1; Croop v. Walton, 157 N.E. 275 (Ind. 1927); State Election Bd. v. Bayh, 521 N.E.2d 1313 (Ind. 1988); 45 IAC 3.1-1-21; 45 IAC 3.1-1-22.

Taxpayer protests the Department's proposed assessments for the 2011 tax year.

Taxpayer and his spouse ("Wife") are a married couple who own several residences in various states, including Indiana. Taxpayer and Wife timely filed their federal income tax return (married filing jointly), but did not file an Indiana income tax return for the tax year 2011. The Indiana Department of Revenue ("Department") determined that for the tax year 2011, Taxpayer was an Indiana resident, that he had income attributable to Indiana, that he failed to file his Indiana income tax return, and that Indiana income tax was due for 2011.

Taxpayer timely protested the assessments. An administrative hearing was conducted during which Taxpayer explained the basis for the protest. This Letter of Findings ensues and addresses Taxpayer's protest of the proposed assessments for the tax year 2011. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.

I. Indiana Individual Income Tax - Additional Income -Taxable Distributions.

The Department determined that for the tax year 2011, Taxpayer had additional income subject to Indiana individual income tax. Taxpayer claimed that he did not have additional income for 2011.

As a threshold issue, all tax assessments are prima facie evidence that the Department's claim for the unpaid tax is valid; the taxpayer bears the burden of proving that any assessment is incorrect. IC § 6-8.1-5-1(c); Lafayette Square Amoco, Inc. v. Indiana Dep't of State Revenue, 867 N.E.2d 289, 292 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2007); Indiana Dep't of State Revenue v. Rent-A-Center East, Inc., 963 N.E.2d 463, 466 (Ind. 2012). Thus, the taxpayer is required to provide documentation explaining and supporting its challenge that the Department's assessment is wrong. Poorly developed and non-cogent arguments are subject to waiver. Scopelite v. Indiana Dep't of Local Gov't Fin., 939 N.E.2d 1138, 1145 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2010); Wendt LLP v. Indiana Dep't of State Revenue, 977 N.E.2d 480, 486 n.9 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2012).

In general, the Internal Revenue Code requires a taxpayer to report and pay his or her federal income tax when his or her gross income exceeds a certain amount. Gross income includes all income whatever source derived. I.R.C. § 61(a). For state income tax purposes, IC § 6-3-1-3.5(a) provides the starting point for determining a taxpayer's taxable income, stating that the term "adjusted gross income" shall mean, "In the case of all individuals, 'adjusted gross income' (as defined in Section 62 of the Internal Revenue Code), modified as follows . . . ." The Department's Administrative Rules repeat the basic principle at 45 IAC 3.1-1-1, which states:

Since Indiana refers to federal adjusted gross income as starting point to compute the taxpayer's individual income tax liability, the amount of the federal adjusted gross income stated in "Line 37" of the Form 1040 is directly used to determine the taxpayer's Indiana adjusted gross income for Indiana individual income tax purposes.

For federal income tax purposes, an individual taxpayer may establish an IRA with a bank or similar institutions pursuant to I.R.C. § 408 to claim various tax benefits and maximize his or her retirement assets. In general, when the taxpayer deposits the statutorily allowable amount of cash into his or her IRA each year, the taxpayer is not allowed to withdraw the money until certain statutory requirements are met. When the taxpayer withdraws the money from the IRA before meeting certain statutory requirements, the withdrawal is a taxable distribution. Nonetheless, the taxpayer may move his or her IRA to a different investment management company without triggering the taxable event if the transaction qualifies as a "Trustee-to-Trustee" transfer or a "direct rollover." Id.

In this instance, Taxpayer has an IRA, which consists of various investments. Taxpayer stated that in mid-2011, he decided to change his investment management company. Upon closing his IRA at the former investment management company, the company sent the IRA money (in the form of cash) to the new investment management company designated by Taxpayer and issued 1099-R forms to Taxpayer. The new investment management company, however, issued 5498 forms, erroneously stating that a portion of the payments received were "taxable distributions" for the 2011 year. Taxpayer's 2011 federal income tax return was subsequently examined by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and the new investment management company issued a corrected form to correct the errors. As a result, the IRS concluded that Taxpayer did not have taxable distributions from her IRA and his federal adjusted gross income remains unchanged for 2011. To support his protest, Taxpayer submitted additional documentation including the IRS transcript of their 2011 filing and monthly statements from both investment management companies regarding the transfer at issue.

Upon review, the Department agrees that Taxpayer demonstrated that he did not have taxable distributions from his IRA for 2011.

Taxpayer's protest on this issue is sustained.

II. Indiana Individual Income Tax - Residency.

Pursuant to publicly verifiable information, the Department determined that Taxpayer and Wife claimed a homestead credit on their Indiana residence and, thus, Taxpayer was an Indiana resident, that he failed to file his 2011 Indiana income tax return, and that Indiana income tax was due for 2011. Taxpayer, to the contrary, claimed that he was not required to file a 2011 Indiana income tax return and did not owe any Indiana income taxes because he was not Indiana resident during 2011. The issue is whether Taxpayer was an Indiana resident for 2011.

As mentioned earlier, a taxpayer bears the burden of proving that any assessment is incorrect. IC § 6-8.1-5-1(c). Also as discussed in Issue I, IC § 6-3-1-3.5(a) provides the starting point to determine the taxpayers' taxable income and to calculate what would be their Indiana income tax after applying certain additions and subtractions to that starting point. Indiana, in general, imposes a tax "on the adjusted gross income of every resident person, and on that part of the adjusted gross income derived from sources within Indiana of every nonresident person." IC § 6-3-2-1(a). IC § 6-3-2-2(a) specifically outlines what is income derived from Indiana sources and subject to Indiana income tax.

For Indiana income tax purposes, resident "includes (a) any individual who was domiciled in this state during the taxable year, or (b) any individual who maintains a permanent place of residence in this state and spends more than one hundred eighty-three (183) days of the taxable year within this state. . . ." IC § 6-3-1-12; see also 45 IAC 3.1-1-21. Nonresident is "any person who is not a resident of Indiana." IC § 6-3-1-13.

Additionally, 45 IAC 3.1-1-22 states:

Thus, a new domicile is not necessarily created when an individual moves to a place outside Indiana. Instead, the individual must move to the new non-Indiana place and have intent to remain there indefinitely.

In Croop v. Walton, 157 N.E. 275 (Ind. 1927), a taxpayer, Mr. Walton, who was domiciled in Michigan, sold his home in Michigan and moved to a new residence in Indiana where he and his wife lived for several years for the benefit of his wife's health. Mr. Walton lived in the Indiana home "on account of the mental and physical condition of his wife, and continued to occupy it until such time as she could safely return to [Michigan] to live." Id. at 276. The court concluded that, based on the level of activity he maintained in Michigan and lack of intention to abandon his domicile, Mr. Walton did not change his domicile from Michigan to Indiana. The court explained, in relevant part, that:

In explaining the difference between "residence" and "domicile," the court in Croop stated:

In State Election Bd. v. Bayh, 521 N.E.2d 1313 (Ind. 1988), the Indiana Supreme Court considered the issue of the meaning of "domicile" in determining that Mr. Bayh met the residency requirement for the office of Governor. Mr. Bayh's domicile remained in Indiana even though he moved to different states for various reasons for many years. The court stated, in pertinent part:

Taxpayer, in this instance, was a longtime Indiana resident who contended that, for 2011, he was not an Indiana resident because he and Wife moved to Florida in 2004 and were Florida residents since then. Specifically, Taxpayer asserted that he changed his domicile from Indiana to Florida in 2004 and has since remained a Florida resident, including in 2011. Taxpayer further asserted that although he and Wife maintained their ownership of their Indiana residence, they did not claim homestead credit on their Indiana residence and they did not spend 183 days or more in Indiana during 2011. Taxpayer and Wife sold their Indiana residence in 2013.

To support his protest, Taxpayer provided additional documentation, including a homestead exemption on their Florida residence, voter registration and voting records in Florida, as well as Florida drivers' licenses. Taxpayer also provided copies of a letter sent to the Department in 2004 informing the Department that they had purchased a residence in Florida on May 18, 2004, and that Taxpayer intended to establish residency in Florida. Taxpayer further provided the Settlement Statement (HUD-1) to support that the sale of their Indiana residence occurred in 2013 and they had not claimed the Homestead credit on their Indiana residence for years, including the tax year 2011. Furthermore, Taxpayer submitted a calendar and correspondence showing the dates that he was both in and outside of Indiana, demonstrating that while he spent more of 2011 in Indiana than in any other state, he did not spend more than 183 days in Indiana in 2011.

Upon review, Taxpayer's supporting documentation demonstrates that even though Taxpayer had a permanent place of residence in Indiana and spent more days in Indiana than any other state, the weight of the evidence presented supports residency in Florida. Specifically, after he and Wife purchased their Florida residence, they did not claim the homestead exemption on their Indiana residence but rather claimed the homestead exemption on their Florida residence, including for the tax year 2011, that he and his wife maintained Florida drivers' licenses, and that he and his wife have registered and voted in Florida since 2004. The publicly verifiable records also showed that Taxpayer served as a director of a Florida not-for-profit organization when he and Wife moved to Florida in 2004. Taxpayer subsequently served as an officer of their Florida homeowner association (HOA), including 2011. These actions, coupled with Taxpayer's explicitly expressed intent to establish residency in Florida in 2004, demonstrate that Taxpayer did in fact abandon his Indiana domicile and established a new domicile in Florida pursuant to 45 IAC 3.1-1-22 and above mentioned case law. Although Taxpayer spent majority of 2011 in Indiana for various reasons and the remainder in various states, he also demonstrated that he did not spent more than 183 days in Indiana. Thus, given the totality of the circumstances, the Department agrees that Taxpayer met his burden to demonstrate that he was not an Indiana resident for 2011.

Taxpayer's protest is sustained.

Taxpayer's protest is sustained on both the additional Indiana source income and Indiana residency issues.