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ISDH Home > Publications > School Communicable Disease Guide > Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

 

Clinical Description
Fifth disease is a mild infection caused by the human parvovirus (B19).   The disease is characterized by a facial rash with a "slapped cheek" appearance and a lace-like rash on the trunk and extremities. Reddening of the skin may recur due to nonspecific stimuli such as temperature or sunlight.  Symptoms can include low-grade fever and mild cold symptoms. In people with certain red blood cell abnormalities, such as sickle cell disease, this infection can cause an aplastic crisis. Infection with the virus can also cause chronic anemia in immunosuppressed people. Infection is most common in school-aged children. Clusters of cases can occur in schools, usually in late winter and spring.

Incubation Period
The incubation period is normally from 4-14 days, but can be as long as 20 days.

Mode of Transmission
Transmission occurs primarily through contact with infectious respiratory secretions. Droplet contact and close person-to-person contact are the modes of transmission.

Period of Communicability
An infected person can spread fifth disease during the week prior to the appearance of the rash.  When the rash appears, a person can no longer spread the virus to others.  

Exclusion/Attendance
Children with fifth’s disease are most communicable before onset of illness; however, it may be prudent to exclude from school while fever is present.

Prevention/Care

  • Inform high risk people within the school when a case of fifth disease has been identified: persons with chronic hemolytic anemia, congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies, and pregnant women. Pregnant women should consult with their health care provider if exposed to a positive case.
  • Encourage frequent hand washing and prompt disposal of used tissues.

Other Resources
Indiana State Department of Health Quick Fact Link:
         http://www.in.gov/isdh/21378.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Link:
       http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/submenus/sub_parvovirus.htm

 

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